Microsoft called the code—written by the companys founder, Bill Gates, and its second ever employee, Ric Weiland—one of the most historically significant pieces of software from the early personal computer era. Its pretty simple, clocking in at just 6,955 lines of assembly language, but that simplicity was key to its becoming so foundational to just about everything. The MOS 6502 processor , which ran the code, was inexpensive and accessible compared to contemporary alternatives, and...

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